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The MONDRAGON Corporation is a corporation and federation of worker cooperatives based in the Basque region of Spain. It was founded in the town of Mondragón in 1956 by graduates of a local technical college. Its first product was paraffin heaters. It is the tenth-largest Spanish company in terms of asset turnover and the leading business group in the Basque Country. At the end of 2014, it employed 74,117 people in 257 companies and organizations in four areas of activity: finance, industry, retail and knowledge.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Annual Report 2012 )〕 Mondragon cooperatives operate in accordance with Statement on the Co-operative Identity maintained by the International Co-operative Alliance. ==History== The determining factor in the creation of the Mondragón system was the arrival in 1941 of a young Catholic priest, José María Arizmendiarrieta, in Mondragón, a town with a population of 7,000 that had not yet recovered from the Spanish Civil War: poverty, hunger, exile, and tension.〔(The Mondragón Experiment - Corporate Cooperativism (1980) FULL )〕 In 1943, Arizmendiarrieta established a technical college that became a training ground for generations of managers, engineers, and skilled labour for local companies, and primarily for the co-operatives. Before creating the first co-operative, Arizmendiarrieta spent a number of years educating young people about a form of humanism based on solidarity and participation, in harmony with Catholic social teaching, and the importance of acquiring the necessary technical knowledge. In 1955, he selected five of these young people to set up the first company of the co-operative and industrial beginning of the Mondragon Corporation. The people were Usatorre, Larrañaga, Gorroñogoitia, Ormaechea, and Ortubay, and the company was called Talleres Ulgor, an acronym derived from their surnames, known today as Fagor Electrodomésticos. In the first 15 years many co-operatives were established, thanks to the autarky of the market and the awakening of the Spanish economy. During those years, also with the encouragement of Don José María, two bodies were set up that were to play a key role in the development of Mondragon: Caja Laboral (1959) and the Social Welfare Body Lagun Aro (1966). The first local group was created, Ularco, the embryo of the industrial co-operative associativism which has been so important in the corporation’s history. In 1969, Eroski was set up by a merger of ten small local consumer co-operatives.〔http://www.eroski.es/es/conoce-eroski/una-empresa-diferente/historia〕 During the next 20 years, from 1970 to 1990, the dynamism continued, with a strong increase in turnover, the launch of new co-operatives promoted by Caja Laboral’s Business Division, the promotion of co-operative associativism with the forming of local groups, and the setting up of the Ikerlan Research Centre in 1974.〔http://www.euskomedia.org/aunamendi/76338〕 With big changes on the horizon like Spain's joining the European Economic Community, scheduled for 1986, it was decided to take an important step in the organisational area by setting up the Mondragon Co-operative Group in 1984, the forerunner to the current corporation. In-service training for managers was also strengthened with the creation of Otalora, which was to dedicate itself to training and co-operative dissemination. The Group had 23,130 workers at the end of 1990. On the international stage, the aim was to respond to the growing globalisation process, strongly promoting expansion abroad by setting up production plants in a number of countries. The first, the Copreci plant in Mexico in 1990 was followed by many others taking the total to 73 by the end of 2008 and 122 at the end of 2013. This was part of a strategy aimed at: increasing competitiveness and market share, bringing component supply closer to important customers’ plants, especially in the automotive and domestic appliance sectors; and strengthening employment in the Basque Country, by promoting the export of products manufactured by the co-operatives by means of the new platforms. In October 2009, the United Steelworkers announced an agreement with Mondragon to create worker cooperatives in the United States.〔Wilson, Amanda. (Bendable Business: Cooperatives less likely to break in economic crises. ) ''The Dominion.'' 4 December 2009.〕 On March 26, 2012, the USW, Mondragon, and the Ohio Employee Ownership Center (OEOC) announced its detailed union co-op model.〔http://assets.usw.org/our-union/coops/The-Union-Co-op-Model-March-26-2012.pdf〕 In 2012 its industry component ended the year with international sales that set a new record of €4 billion, beating sales figures from before the crisis. Mondragon consolidated its presence abroad by opening 11 new production subsidiaries. Its international sales that year accounted for 69% (with a 26% increase from 2009 to 2012) and it employed 14,000 people abroad. The increase in Mondragon’s share in the BRIC markets (Brazil, Russia, India, and China) was also particularly significant, around 20% up compared to the previous year.〔http://www.tulankide.com/en/internationalisation-consolidates-mondragon2019s-industrial-business-with-sales-abroad-in-excess-of-20ac4bn-3〕 In 2013, international sales grew by 6.7% and accounted for 71.1% of total sales.〔http://www.mondragon-corporation.com/eng/internationalisation-and-innovation-keys-to-the-evolution-of-mondragon-cooperatives-in-2013/〕 On 16 October 2013, Fagor filed for bankruptcy under Spanish law in order to renegotiate €1,1 billion of debt, after suffering heavy losses during the eurocrisis and as a consequence of poor financial management, putting 5,600 employees at risk of losing their jobs.〔http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/10/16/spain-fagor-idUSL6N0I61WA20131016〕 This was followed by the bankruptcy of the whole Fagor group on 6 November 2013.〔http://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2013/11/06/fagorbrandt-en-cessation-de-paiement-2-000-emplois-menaces_3509174_3234.html〕 On July 2013, Fagor was bought by Catalan company Cata for €42.5 million. Cata pledged to create 705 direct jobs in the Basque Country as well as ensuring the continuity of the brand names Fagor, Edesa, Aspes, and Splendid. 〔http://www.catalannewsagency.com/business/item/catalan-company-cata-buys-bankrupt-domestic-appliance-business-fagor〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mondragon Corporation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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